Eating disorders
By PAMELA VESCERA
QUESTION: Why do some people develop eating disorders?
Answer: That is a great question! Of course, our societal obsession with thinness must be a factor, but we are all subject to that, so why do some people develop the eating disorder and some do not?
The research indicates that just like many other illnesses, there is a strong genetic component to the development of an eating disorder. There is often a family history of substance dependence, depression or anxiety.
There are certain personality traits, which are characteristic of individuals with eating disorders, such as perfectionism, a strong need for control, obsessiveness and poor self-esteem.
Q: To what extent, if at all, are eating disorders tied to body image? Do you think the media intensifies the problem?
A: Body image is a key issue in patients with eating disorders, but not all people who have poor body image develop eating disorders. Even when patients are in recovery, developing good body image is usually the last hurdle in treatment.
I think the media has been a major factor in the development of our national obsession with thinness, and it has been going on since the sixties when Twiggy became a phenomenon and changed our perception of beauty. Prior to that, our symbols of beauty, such as Marilyn Monroe, had more “real” looking figures.
Currently, the average American model is 5’11” and weighs about 110 pounds, but the average American woman is 5’4” and weighs about 140 pounds. We are set up for unrealistic expectations about what women are supposed to look like.
Young women get frustrated when they don’t look like the models and actresses they see on TV and in magazines.
Q: Why are teens and young women so susceptible?
A: Their bodies are changing and often, especially girls, do not like the changes. There is also a heightened self-awareness and naturally, adolescents begin to spend more time looking in the mirror.
According to Debra Waterhouse, author of “Like Mother, Like Daughter,” by age 17, four out of five healthy-weight women believe they are fat. They may focus on this negative perception and may attempt to change their weight, size or shape by going on a diet.
Approximately 80 percent of eating disorders begin with a restrictive diet. Usually, instead of focusing on eating more healthfully, they begin skipping meals and eliminating entire groups of foods, such as carbohydrates and/or fats, from their diets. This can be a dangerous practice for young girls.
Q: How can society in general or families work to prevent eating disorders?
A: Good body image is one component of good self-esteem. It is important to teach young girls to feel good about themselves. Emphasis should be on teaching them to appreciate what their bodies can do, for example, throwing a ball or running, not just what they look like.
Children should be taught that the maturation process is a positive one, which should be celebrated, not fought. Healthy eating and exercise habits should be taught from early on.
In society, as in families, we need to examine our own attitudes about food, appearance and our own bodies.
Pamela Vescera is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker in Utica. |
